Description: ITEM SIZE CAN BE FOUND BY USING RULERS ALONG EDGE IN PHOTO - IN INCHESDETAILS OF ITEM: Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd. was one of the earliest gramophone companies in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1917 as an offshoot of the American Columbia Phonograph Company, it became an independent British-owned company in 1922 in a management buy-out after the parent company went into receivership. In 1925, it acquired a controlling interest in its American parent company to take advantage of a new electrical recording process. The British firm also controlled the US operations from 1925 until 1931. That year Columbia Graphophone in the UK merged with the Gramophone Company (which sold records under the His Master's Voice label) to form EMI. At the same time, Columbia divested itself of its American branch, which was eventually absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1938. As Columbia Records, it became a successful British label in the 1950s and 1960s, and was eventually replaced by the newly created EMI Records, as part of a label consolidation. This in turn was absorbed by the Parlophone Records unit of Warner Music Group in 2013. The Columbia Phonograph Company was originally founded in the US by Edward D. Easton in 1887,[1] initially as a distributor with a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Delaware. It also made its own compatible cylinder recordings. In 1901, Columbia began selling disc records (invented and patented by Emile Berliner of the Victor Talking Machine Company) and phonographs. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor discs. Edison discs and Columbia's acoustic records both had a nominal playback speed of 80 rpm. From about 1898 until 1922 the US parent company managed a UK subsidiary, the Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company. Its headquarters and studios were established in Victorian warehouses at 102-108 Clerkenwell Road shortly before the First World War, and the buildings were a key location in the development of the British recording industry until the 1930s.[2] In 1917, the Columbia Graphophone Company was registered as a British company, with the shares being held by the American firm.[3] A general market downturn in 1921 affected the whole entertainment industry. Profits turned to losses, and in late 1922 the creditors of the US parent company filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy: Columbia went into receivership. Seeking to raise cash, Columbia sold the British branch in December 1922 to a group of investors led by Columbia's General Manager in Britain, the American-born Louis Sterling (1879–1958).[4][5][6][7] Columbia in the US emerged from receivership in February 1924 as the Columbia Phonograph Company Inc., but was immediately faced with another crisis, as booming radio sales reduced the firm's profitability.[4] The same year, Bell Labs-Western Electric had developed a new electrical recording system to replace the old acoustic recording methods, and was offering exclusive rights to Victor although its Chairman's illness had led to delays.[6] Louis Sterling as Managing Director had turned around the fortunes of UK Columbia, and persuaded Western Electric that granting a monopoly would be a grave mistake. Columbia had been making test electrical recordings since at least August 1924 with the Western Electrical system.[8] Although the Columbia Phonograph Company of New York could not afford the royalty payments, Sterling was in a position to buy out the US operation and, as an American company, to purchase the licence for the new Western Electric patents.[4] Satisfied with the progress of the test recordings, in March 1925, Louis Sterling (backed by J.P. Morgan & Co.), acquired a controlling interest in the parent company, Columbia US, for $2.5 million (about £500,000) in order to take advantage of Western Electric's patents.[9] The firm continued in business as the Columbia Graphophone Company in many countries as a British company.[10] Sterling, originally from New York, became chairman of the US operation. On February 25, 1925, Columbia began recording with the licensed Western Electric recording process and was using it on a regular basis by April. The royalty payments were considerable, and in 1928 Columbia hired the English electronics engineer Alan Blumlein to work on an alternative. By late 1930, he had developed a recording system including a moving-coil microphone and a cutting head with linear characteristics which circumvented Western Electric's patents.[11] Columbia continued to use acoustic recording methods for the cheaper labels, and to release discs made with old acoustic masters on the Harmony and Velvet Tone labels until around 1929.[8] The repercussions of the stock market Crash of 1929 led to huge losses in the recording industry and, in March 1931, J.P Morgan, the major shareholder, steered the Columbia Graphophone Company (along with Odeon Records and Parlophone, which it had owned since 1926) into a merger with the Gramophone Company (HMV) to form Electric and Musical Industries Ltd (EMI).[12][13][14] By the time of the merger, the Gramophone Company had not fully developed an alternative to Western Electric's process and was still paying royalty fees, so it was a technically advantageous move.[11] Since the Gramophone Company (HMV) was a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor, and Columbia in America was a subsidiary of UK Columbia, Victor now technically owned its largest rival in the US.[12] To avoid antitrust legislation, EMI had to sell off its US Columbia operation, which continued to release pressings of matrices made in the UK.[12] The American company was eventually absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) (another of its former offshoots) in 1938. ARTIST / ILLUSTRATOR: THEME:EXTRA INFO (TEXT &IMAGE): BLACK AND WHITE INSERT PHOTOGRAPHY CAN EVOKE MANY MOODS / EMOTIONS.... WHEN FRAMED FOR DECOR USE. THESE INSERT PHOTO'S COME FROM VINTAGE PERIODICALS AND MOST OFTEN ARE THE *ONLY* GIVEN SOURCE OF THAT PHOTO. HAVING NEVER BEEN AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE IN OTHER FORMATS THESE INSERT PHOTO'S ARE UNIQUE IN THIS FORM. THEY MAT AND FRAME UP WONDERFULLY WELL FOR THE WALL DECOR OF ANY HOME OR OFFICE. BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHY HAS THAT DISTINCTIVE TOUCH OF ROMANTICISM AND NOSTALGIA THAT, THEREFORE, MAKES THEM BASICALLY TIMELESS IN STYLE. CONDITION: CLEAN, PERFECT FOR FRAMING AND DISPLAYING. INSERT PHOTO'S ARE CAREFULLY REMOVED FROM VINTAGE PERIODICALS AND MAY BE TRIMMED IN PREPARATION FOR DISPLAYING. MARGINS ARE INCLUDED IN ADVERT SIZE.**NOTE**: PAGES MAY SHOW AGE WEAR AND IMPERFECTIONS TO MARGINS, WITH CLOSED NICKS AND CUTS, WHICH DO NOT AFFECT AD IMAGE OR TEXT WHEN MATTED AND FRAMED.THE ADVERT OR ARTICLE YOU RECEIVE WILL BE CRISP AND LEGIBLE, WE HAVE PURPOSEFULLY BLURRED THE IMAGE A LITTLE.At ADVERTISINGSHOP(DIVISION OF BRANCHWATERBOOKS) we look for rare &unusual ADVERTISING, COVERS + PRINTS of commercial graphics from throughout the world. ALL items we sell are ORIGINALand 100% guaranteed --- (we code all our items to insure authenticity) ---- we stand behind this. As graphic collectors ourselves, we take great pride in doing the best job we can to preserve and extend to you wonderful historic graphics of the past.PLEASE LOOK AT OUR PHOTO'S CLOSELY AS THEY ARE IMAGES OF THE PRODUCT BEING SOLD..... NOT STOCK PHOTO'S**We pride ourselves on quality products, great service, accurate gradations and fast shipping.**GREAT DECOR / ART FOR: HOME OFFICE BUSINESS SHOP STORE CASINO LOFT STUDIO GARAGE BEDROOM COLLECTION MOST ITEMS ARE VERY GOOD AND BETTER... THE ACTUAL CONDITION CAN BE SEE BY HOVERING OVER THE PHOTO FOR A CLOSEUP.**For multiple purchases please wait for our combined invoice. Shipping discount are ONLY available with this method. Thank You. We ship via United States Postal Service. We have a 3 day handling time not including weekends or holidays.A Note to our international buyers (Including Canada). Please read before placing a bid or buying an item: **Import taxes, duties and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyer's responsibility. Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying on items. We ask that payments be made within 3 days or notify us via email otherwise. We send out a reminder payment email once and then proceed with unpaid item report on the 7 th day. ****** WE PRIDE OURSELVES ON ACCURATE DESCRIPTION..... GREAT SERVICE ..... AND FAST...SAFE...SHIPPING ******* YOUR AD WILL BE SHIPPED ROLLED IN A PROTECTIVE PLASTIC BAG IN AN 80mm (TWICE USPS RECOMMENDED) THICK, 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER (SO AS NOT TO STRESS THE PAPER) SHIPPING TUBE WITH PRESS TIGHT PLASTIC END CAPS. ZZ29 Powered by SixBit's eCommerce Solution
Price: 21.95 USD
Location: Branch, Michigan
End Time: 2024-08-21T15:51:52.000Z
Shipping Cost: 8.95 USD
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