1884 Reclus print CHIOS AFTER EARTHQUAKE OF 1881, ISLAND OF CHIOS, GREECE, #56

Description: Reclus09_56 1884 Reclus print CHIOS AFTER EARTHQUAKE OF 1881, ISLAND OF CHIOS, GREECE, #56 Nice small print titled CHIO. — VUE PRISE APRÈS LE TREMBLEMENT DE TERRE. Dessin de E. Schiller, d’après une photographie., from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression, approx. overall size is 16.5 x 16 cm, approx. image size is 12 x 10 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes / The Earth and Its Inhabitants, great work of Elisee Reclus. 1881 Chios earthquake The 1881 Chios earthquake occurred at 11:30 UTC on 3 April. It caused severe damage on the island of Chios and also affected Çeşme and Alaçatı on the coast of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.3 and there were an estimated 7,866 casualties. The devastation from the earthquake was the last of the three 'catastrophes' that affected the island of Chios in the 19th century. The town of Chios was devastated, causing many casualties, partly due to the narrowness of the streets. In the rest of the island, 25 out of the 64 villages were destroyed with another 17 badly damaged. In both Çeşme and Alaçatı about 40% of the houses were destroyed. The number of casualties on the Turkish mainland was low, possibly due to most of the inhabitants leaving their houses to watch the passage of the passenger ship Aya Evangelistra from the shore. After the earthquake many of the inhabitants of Chios left the island. This followed the trend set by the other two 'catastrophes' of the 19th century that devastated the island, the massacre of Chios in 1822 and the failure of the orange crop in 1833. Together these events left most of Chios in a state of poverty and severely underpopulated. Chios Modern Greek Khíos island, situated 5 miles (8 km) off the western coast of Turkey in the Aegean Sea, that with Psará and other islands makes up the nomós (department) of Khíos, Greece. Of volcanic and limestone origins, it is about 30 miles (50 km) long north-south and from 8 to 15 miles (13 to 24 km) wide. It is traversed north-south by mountains culminating in Mount Pelinaíon (4,255 feet [1,297 metres] high). Khíos, the capital and port on the east coast, has a small, safe harbour. Homer was reputed to have lived in Chios, which was the home of a school of bards, the Homerids (Homeridae). In the 8th century BC it became one of the seven cities of the Pan-Ionian League, and in the 6th and 5th centuries BC it had a renowned school of sculpture. In 546 Chios submitted to Cyrus I of Persia; but after the defeat of Persia, Chios joined the Delian League and remained an ally of Athens until 412, when it revolted. Athens ravaged Chios in reprisal, and in 378 Chios joined the Second Athenian League, only to revolt again in 354 BC and have its independence recognized. It was reputed to be one of the best-governed states in Greece, but in the 4th century BC it was racked by civil strife. The island's commerce, based on wine, flourished during the Roman and Byzantine period. Centuries later, after occupations by the Seljuq Turks (1089–92) and by the Venetians (1124–25, 1172, 1204–25), Chios was given in fief to the Genoese family of Zaccaria in 1261. In 1415 the Genoese became tributary to the Ottoman Turks; and in 1822, during the War of Greek Independence, many of the Christian inhabitants of Chios were massacred or sold into slavery by the Turks. The island was reunited with Greece after the Balkan Wars (1912–13). Wine and gum mastic, traditional products of Chios, often contributed to its economic recovery after times of trouble. Mastic is collected from a wild shrub that grows in the south; it provides the flavour for mastíkha, a Greek liqueur, and is used for chewing gum and a local white jam. Chios has no permanent watercourse, so the entire island, including the fertile plain of Kambos, requires irrigation. Nonetheless, citrus fruit, olives, and figs are grown; and lemons, oranges, and tangerines are exported. Antimony, calamine, and marble deposits are worked; and there is a tanning industry and much coastal trade. Area island, 321 square miles (831 square km). Pop. (2001) Khíos city, 23,779.

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End Time: 2024-12-10T07:06:30.000Z

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