Description: Perron09_165 1884 Perron map MAKKAH / MECCA & JIDDAH / JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA, #165 Nice small map titled La Mecque et Djeddah, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 15.5 x 15 cm, image size approx. 10.5 x 7 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Mecca Arabic Makkah, ancient Bakkah or Macoraba city, western Saudi Arabia, located in the Ṣirāt Mountains, inland from the Red Sea coast. It is the holiest of Muslim cities. Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was born in Mecca, and it is toward this religious centre that Muslims turn five times daily in prayer. All devout Muslims attempt a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Because it is sacred, only Muslims are allowed to enter the city. In the 20th century the city underwent vast improvements. The area around the religious shrines was cleared, the mosque enlarged, housing and sanitation improved, and transportation facilities enhanced. As a result, Mecca can accommodate the continually increasing number of pilgrims, or hajjis. Area 10 square miles (26 square km). Pop. (2004) 1,294,106. Jiddah also spelled Jidda, Jeddah , or Juddah city and major port in central Hejaz region, western Saudi Arabia. It lies along the Red Sea west of Mecca. The principal importance of Jiddah in history is that it constituted the port of Mecca and was thus the site where the majority of Muslim pilgrims landed who were journeying to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The city in fact owes its commercial foundations to Caliph ʿUthmān, who in 646 made it the port for Muslim pilgrims crossing the Red Sea. In 1916 Jiddah and its Turkish garrisons surrendered to British forces. It then formed part of the Kingdom of the Hejaz until 1925, when it was captured by Ibn Saʿūd. In the 1927 Treaty of Jiddah the British recognized Saudi sovereignty over the Hejaz and Najd regions. Jiddah eventually was incorporated into Saudi Arabia. In 1947 the city walls were demolished, and rapid expansion followed. The city takes its name (which means “ancestress,” or “grandmother”) from the location there of the reputed tomb of Eve, which was destroyed by the Saudi government in 1928 in the belief that it encouraged superstition. After World War II, Jiddah was completely modernized and expanded with the new wealth acquired by Saudi Arabia from oil royalties. Its harbour was deepened and enlarged to accommodate large vessels, and a desalinization plant was constructed in the early 1970s, thought to be the largest in the world at its completion. The city's economy, once dependent on pilgrim expenditures and fishing, was diversified to include steel-rolling mills, oil refineries, and the manufacture of cement, clothing, and pottery. Other activities include cattle raising and dairying and many small industries. One of Saudi Arabia's largest cities and busiest seaports, Jiddah was the diplomatic capital of the country and the location of the Saudi ministry of foreign affairs and of the embassies and missions of foreign governments before these were all transferred to the Saudi capital of Riyadh in the mid-1980s. Advanced education in economics and administration is offered by King Abdul Aziz University, founded in 1967. Jiddah is served by highways to Mecca and Medina and by King Abdul Aziz International Airport. Pop. (2004 prelim.) city, 2,801,481; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 3,012,000.
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Location: Zagreb, HR
End Time: 2024-11-26T16:47:21.000Z
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Publication Year: 1884
Year: 1884
Topic: Maps
